Point paper

A program is a series of steps to be carried out for goals to be accomplished. In other words it is the group of activities directed towards achieving defined objectives and targets. A target audience is a group of people that are targeted by business organization, advertising campaign etc. for appealing there product.Waterfront job requires well knowledge in respect of protection of ship and protection of environment. It also included as how to avoid fire danger, prevent corrosion and electrolysis, follow safe procedures during fueling etc. So handling of all these activities require well equipped knowledge with the working of waterfront. Thus, from the above points it is clear that the position of person working as a waterfront is highly technical and risky as person is always play with his life while performing any of his duties.A pilot program includes the creation and use of new business associate classification. This program helps to distinguish different class of people on the basis of certain factors. There is lots of scope in waterfront job as there is growing interest in this field and new ideas are generating everyday. The course in relation to this undertakes a long apprenticeship training which makes the person expert in his field and to face any difficult circumstances. The persons undergoing this training are in great demand due to their special feature of job and also provide them opportunity to grow big in the respective industry. It is very appealing to young peoples who are adventurous in nature and always ready to take the risk. The job provides lots of scope for promotion in their field to members.If a person wants to grow his position into big and great, waterfront job provide a lot opportunity to achieve the target. The person holding the position as waterfront is in great demand due to function performed by Waterfront fitness Specialist working with various ships is to provide fitness assistance for physical program.As stated in the ques tion that less persons are going on training under this area. His indicates that the job is not much focused or paid attention but takes in him immense scope for attracting more and more person for training. The sum of money received in this job is very handsome due to its risky behavior but this special feature helps to increase the people for training. The position of waterfront is earlier seen in west coast but in recent days east coast are also actively involved for training position. The people are more and more becoming aware of the advantage of score in respective field comes to undergo training.The person acting as a trainer to attract more and more individuals in this job around the world a person is needed a four year degree from authorized university with a major in exercise physiology, physical education or related field. Must possess current fitness certification like (American College Sports Medicine (ACSM), Cooper Institute of Aerobic Research, National Strength and C onditioning Association, American Exercise Council (ACE) or other nationally recognizing certifying agencies. In depth knowledge of the principles of training to be imparted is needed. Ability to perform maintenance and minor repairs of fitness equipment are extensive oral and written communication skills.There is lot of scope of this course in university and colleges as young peoples study there and always willing to take risk at any cost. The money in this job is quite handsome; this will drag the attention of students. Therefore it is very successful to launch this internship program in the universities due to fresh environment and enthusiastic manner. The internship program time period is very long and very deep practical knowledge is imparted to the persons. With this training they become quite confident to take their task in effective manner. Thus, it is easily conclude that initiating of training program in universities and colleges is quite successful by dragging attention o f maximum numbers of person for training.Generally the company imparting internship program hire the same persons whom they provide training by providing effective job according to their area of interest. So they trainer can tap the resources from local universities and colleges by set up an internship program in the campus of university and hiring them for job increase the personnel in the respective field. With the internship program it is possible to appoint individuals after their program is completed and put qualified individuals on the areas and ships. The students completed their graduation can opt for this training at their own campus and after depositing the specified fees. The providing of training at university and college campus is very intelligent decision to tap the young talent in this field which is emerging field. This provides immense help to students who doesn’t know a bit about this training and course, so it is very convenient for them to take deep knowle dge of the course.Therefore, the above mentioned program is immensely helpful to the entire newcomer trying to take any such internship training or program. The success is guaranteed of providing training to students by trainer by its unique feature and freshness of the job. So the decision to impart training for waterfront job is very correct and very successful.REFRENCEReferred to sites:-1.   http://www.baycrossings.com/Archives/2001/10_November/working_waterfront.htmWorking   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WaterfrontDated 19th September 2007

Spanish & Russian Empires

The age of exploration, a period of expansion for many Eurasian empires occured between 1450 and 1800. During this period both the Spanish and thep Russian empires were able to advance economically from their connections with societies westward. Both empires used some form of a labor system in order to support their social structures, despite the fact that where the laborers originated was different within the two empires. From a political standpoint, both empires were run under an autocratic government. This period was extremely crtical to the development of both the Spanish and Russian empires. Both the Spanish and Russian empires were goeverned by an autocratic body of government. The Russian empire was ruled by a czar, while the title of the head of Spain is a king. The set up of the government of the Spanish empire was probably was developed by the catholic church, while the Russians probably modeled their government after ideas borrowed from the west. From a pollitical standpoint the major difference between the empires was that the Spanish was a maritime empire while the Russian were a landbased empire. While the Spanish focused primarily on expanding overseas, the Russians felt it was better to expandm without traveling overseas. Since the Spanish also controlled land overseas they developed a system known as viceroyalty, where a govenor was put in place to oversee the control of the Spanish colonies in the new world. The Spanish and Russian empires both developed a similar social structure. At the bottom of social structure within both empires were the labor workers. Since both economies flourished based on agricultural successes, both societies required a group of people to work the lands. The Spanish relied primarily on forced laborers from outside of their colonies, typically consisting of slaves from Africa and the native Americans. Unlike the Spanish, the Russians looked towards locals to take part in a form of serfdom. Both the Spanish and Russian empires looked westward for ways to move foreward. The Spanish focused on economical advancements while the Russian empire focused mainly on social aspects. The Russians focused on social aspects because they felt that thier submission to the mongols had put them at a severe disadvantage to the europeans. The Russians borrowed estern ideas such as those used in art, architecture, and justice. The Spanish and Russian empires were both agricullturally based. The Spanish was an empire that not only developed domestic trade but also traded overseas. The Spanish basically single-handedly brought the new world into the worldwide economy. The Spanish were at the forefront of the triangle trade which pumped alot of money into th e European economy. The Columbian Exchange brought a lot of new cash and staple crops into Europe such as potatoes and tobacco. The Russian empire however focused on developing a local economy. The local peasentry was forced into serfdom. The strict enforcement of serfdom was put in place to work the land that supports Russian economy. The age of exploration, from 1450 to 1800 was a critical point in the development of many of the Eurasian empires. Despite being seperated by vast expanses of geographical features, ideas were able to blend profusely within seperate cultures. Clearly no amount of division can stop the bridge between the building of two different empires. ———————————————————————————–

Wgu Nut1

Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Gary L Williams Western Governors University Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) The new millennium has produced many changes in the world as we know it. Our national security which seemed to be impermeable has revealed its vulnerability to being breached. Remember September 11, 2001 when the hi-jacking of planes lead to the destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City, and severe damage the Pentagon in Washington DC.Now our Healthcare System has now moved into the information highway. How you may ask, through the introduction of the EMR. So will the EMR be safe and secure? Let us investigate. So just what is the EMR? There are many formal definitions but the one that stands out and will be used today is from the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS). It states: The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a longitudinal electronic record of pati ent health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting.Included in this information are patient demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data and radiology reports. The EHR automates and streamlines the clinician's workflow. The EHR has the ability to generate a complete record of a clinical patient encounter – as well as supporting other care-related activities directly or indirectly via interface – including evidence-based decision support, quality management, and outcomes reporting. (HIMSS) Within this definition there is a multitude of system components.Think of it like the multiple Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) dividers that were found in the paper medical record. For instance, you may see headers like, medication record, order entry, nursing assessments, the plan of care, education, radiology, cardiology, etc. Under the medication tab la ys the eMAR, medication history, and reconciliation. Each band with the click of the mouse will open a new file within this record. The design is formatted to follow a systematic flow with check boxes, drop down lists, or free text space to document the patient findings, activities, and assessments.The EMR will have many benefits for the entire healthcare team and the patient. By development and design with the assistance of key personnel, the EMR should flow and make documentation easier. By having a standardized flow and options to document the standards of care, documenting should become easier and provide more consistency. Take for example a urine description. You may see for color description amber, yellow, red, clear, or tea. Then cloudy, turbid, clots, or mucous followed by malodorous, sweet, or pungent. This will provide a means of potential measurement for Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM).How many patients with UTI receiving Bactrim DS have amber mucous pungent urine on a GU u nit? Can you see the pattern? The EMR will assist in critical thinking as well. Your physical assessment for instance may be by body system or a complete head to toe assessment. These screens will assist the nurse in reminders of required documentation. The nurse may receive a task list for a certain procedure or required documentation of a high risk factor, such as fall precautions, to alert the bedside nurse or technician that the document is due or past due.Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) The EMR will provide real time data and reports from various disciplines within the healthcare facility. For instance, a Vancomycin trough was ordered at 0700 and its 0900 and the IV medication is due. By selecting the laboratory tab your result will be there in front of you before the dose is administered. The same can be expected of radiology imagining results, EKG, stress test reports, a bedside capillary glucose test done by the technician. No more searching through multi ple computer systems or piles of lab results to find the data you need.The information is there and readily available. Healthcare providers have the penmanship of a deranged mad scientist. How often do you have multiple nurses trying to determine what Dr. Hyde just wrote? What if you guess wrong? Now you place that call to Dr. Hyde for clarification when you have a multitude of things to be doing. With Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE), no longer will guessing what was written be an issue. Standard order sets will be available with the opportunity to be individualized or modified from a pre-determined list of ommon orders for routine admission or for specific disease processes like the Acute Myocardial Infarction. Included may be diet, activity, vital signs, IV fluids, labs, EKG, PCXR, or consults. As touched upon earlier with the urine sample report, there is a myriad of potential data that can be extrapolated to form reports for research and to assist with the EBM. What is the average number of days for patients on the ventilator for June, 2011? How many patients in the rehabilitation unit have pressure ulcers? Maybe a nurse says to the unit manager that it seems like a large number of the patients on the unit have C- Difficile?A report can be run to show Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) trends of the patients with this condition. Maybe it’s a hand washing issue or cross contamination from multi-use bathroom facilities. There are many opportunities that would at best have been difficult to track from the old paper medical record. Identity theft is rampant in this world of technology. How will the EMR be secured? How can the nurse access the EMR? Today home computers are almost essential. The same virus and malware that affect your home computer can infect the EMR if security is lacking.The Information Technology team will provide the overall security for the system by continuous upgrades to software like antivirus and firewal l protection. Each team member will be issued a unique log-in and password to access the EMR. This must be kept strictly confidential for the nurse’s protection. This secure log-in is like a finger print of the assigned user. When the EMR is accessed, there is a time stamp of what records were accessed, for what length of time, and by whom. A secure trail of entry into the EMR can be traced. What is the Personal Health Record (PHR) and how does it differ from the EMR?The PHR is essentially the same document that you would produce in the Physician’s Office. The PHR can be completed online either through a Physician’s Office or through an outside resource. Things that would be included in the PHR might be your name, address, telephone number, date of birth, and possibly the social security number. This record could also contain your Physicians name and phone number, the list of your current medications and dosages, a list of current and Introduction to the Electro nic Medical Record (EMR) past medical conditions, and passed surgical history.This type of a record is usually maintained by the patient themselves. The PHR will differ from the Electronic Medical Record in that the Electronic Medical Record is property of the Health Care facility and not the consumer. The personal health record becomes more vulnerable to breaches in security since it is maintained by the consumer. For example, I might give my sign on and password to my family or friend to input data for me. This obviously breaches ones security. This allows access to these individuals to alter ones personal health record at will.The website that maintains the personal health record may not be as secure as that of the Health Care facility. The Electronic Medical record is usually maintained by the healthcare facility, outpatient clinic, or Physician’s Office. These healthcare facilities must maintain high security to protect the information within that medical record. In 1996 , Congress passed a law entitled The Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA). This law was designed: -To improve portability and continuity of health insurance coverage in the group and individual markets. To combat waste, fraud, and abuse in health insurance and health care delivery. -To reduce costs and the administrative burdens of health care by improving efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system by standardizing the interchange of Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) electronic data for specified administrative and financial transactions. -To ensure protecting the privacy of Americans’ personal health records by protecting the security and confidentiality of health care information. (James) The security and confidentiality are paramount. Fines are levied as a result of a breech to the HPPA law.There must be alerts to vulnerabilities, safeguards to help protect the EMR and the Information Technology team must be able to identi fy possible threats. Using an EMR (electronic medical record) has no absolute right and wrongs in either computer equipment or software for HIPAA compliance. Usually there are four areas to examine: -Physical Security – can your computers with patient data be stolen? -User Security – can anybody log on to the patient database? -System Security – what happens on a hard drive crash? -Network Security – can unauthorized persons outside your facility access patient data? Milne, 2006) Security is never easy to maintain; it requires continuous safeguarding. As a team we are all responsible to assist in the security of the EMR. Always log on and off when you are no longer Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) using the bedside computer. Always check before charting that it is indeed you that is longed into the system and that only one patient record at a time is open for use. The EMR can be a valuable tool for Quality Improvement (QI). Through the design phase, a number of measurable data can be built into the EMR for report generation.If the team wanted to look at the number of times vital signs were not documented as dictated per Policy & Procedure. This data can be built into the system and reports run daily, weekly, or monthly. The same thing can be built to monitor for overdue or omitted medications. This can be further expanded to identify which team member is involved and to check for trends. Data may also be collected to support EBM. For example, tracking the effectiveness of two different antibiotic treatment regimens of a selected disease process may be used to support a change in the disease treatment (e. . antibiotic A showed improvement in five days where as antibiotic B showed improvement in ten days. ) Here again the possibilities seem endless. Think of the time savings for all the key people that would be required to look through endless paper medical records for this type of data collection in the paper medic al record. So how does the EMR come to fruition? It takes a large team of various specialties and specialists to develop the EMR. It starts with the Healthcare system researching and then purchasing the best system to fit the company’s needs and requirements.Once purchased, the owner of the software will deploy a team of specialists that will assist the Healthcare systems team to design and develop the contents and flow of the EMR. The team includes senior management which will assist in the purchase and be the governing authority of the proposed Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) work flow before implementation. There are many subdivided teams. Nursing will have Subject Material Experts (SME) that will be the voice to assist in the flow, wordage, and design of the nursing components of the EMR. The SME’s will be from every department of nursing.From this group will be the Super User. The Super User will act as the cheerleader for the project developme nt and will be the main source for assisting with the Go Live of the EMR. The Information Technology (IT) will be a multi-tiered group ranging from System Support Analyst or the front line of communication, the Computer Programmers and System Analyst or the builders and troubleshooters, to the Project Managers or the supervisors of the IT team. Nursing will also have the Clinical Informatics Application Analyst who will be the voice between nursing and the technical side of issues, concerns, and development.The End User which is the front lines of nursing and everyone that will be using the system for documentation. And last but not least will be the Educators that will teach the system to the entire team. This is a rather large of individuals working as the voice of the EMR development and implementation. In conclusion, change will be rough at times but change is necessary for progression. Be positive and listen to the teams and the tips that are offered. Assist each other as suppo rt with the continued learning and development of the EMR. The Technology age is here and we should all reap the benefits of this endeavor.Remember how Florence Nightingale was the frontier to nursing as we know it. Well each of you deserves a pat on the back as you are the pioneers that have lead nursing into the technology phase of the Electronic Medical Record. You too are a part of nursing history. References HIMSS. (n. d. ) EHR Electronic Health Record. Retrieved from http://www. himss. org/asp/topics_ehr. asp James, R. (n. d. ) What is HIPPA? Retrieved from http://www. dhmh. state. md. us/hipaa/whatishipaa. html Milne, M. (2006, March 6). HIPAA in a â€Å"Nutshell† – Guidelines for EMR and Paper Medical Records Compliance.Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? HIPAA-in-a-Nutshell—Guidelines-for-EMR-and-Paper- Medical-Records-Compliance&id=156737 Ten open ended questions. 1. When the EMR is first implemented on your unit, how can you assure the patient that you are competent in your profession? You will explain that you are a seasoned nurse and an expert in the nursing field. Today our facility is introducing the new EMR which will benefit you in the future. This will take a little more time for me to learn and I do not want you to feel like you are being ignored. I may have to ask you a lot of questions as I go through each section.Please feel free to ask me any questions or concerns that you may have. Our goal is your comfort and safety though the high quality of care. 2. On the day of Go-Live, how can your unit best assist you in providing support as you learn this new technology? My unit manager should over staff initially as we learn the new system. I can foresee the nurse being so buried in the computer that the delivery of care might be too slow initially. Having the extra staff will decrease the patient load and allow extra hands to assist with the delivery of care. 3. As you learn the new system there will be some anticip ated frustration.How can you divert this frustration so that your patient doesn’t sense that something is wrong? We will need to have the Super-User and Analyst available to assist us as problems or concerns occur. It is imperative that the bed side nurse remain positive an up beat as we learn. I suggest maybe huddles through out the day away from the bed side to discuss our concerns. We don’t want the patient to feel uncomfortable. 4. Your patient asks you why it is important to have the computer charting. Briefly tell me what you might say and why? The EMR is being implemented throughout the area as well as world wide.As you record develops, we will only need to verify some of your past medical history, allergies, medications, etc. These types of data will flow from one visit to another making you care easier as the data is readily available. No more waiting for old charts to arrive and thumbing through page after page of data to look for pertinent information. 5. Ho w do you perceive future benefits of an interoperable EMR? It will be possible in the future as the EMR progresses, that your hospital record, physician office record, out patient records, and pharmacy to communicate with each other.By doing so, some potential errors may be thwarted. For instance, maybe you are not able to recall all of your home medications and your consulting physician decides you need a new blood pressure medication. If the records could speak to each other then this physician would be able to see that you were already prescribed an antihypertensive medication or the pharmacy might catch the possible error. 6. Futuristically, let’s say you take a dream vacation to a foreign country. While on your visit you become ill and collapse unconsciously.How can the interoperable EMR potentially be a benefit in this case? If the system develops into a world wide communication link, then with limited data perhaps the hospital in the foreign country would be able to ac cess and utilize my EMR to provide answers in how to deliver the best possible care for me. So if I went in with a suspected ruptured appendix, by accessing my EMR surgical history it would be noted that I have had an appendectomy ten years prior so the focus could be directed at another possible cause. 7.Your patient states to you that she hates the computer and that it is the devils advocate. She is tearful and appears anxious. How might you handle this as you are in the middle of documenting in the EMR? You should stop what you are doing and maybe sit beside the patient and gently hold her hand and ask what seems to be troubling her? She might say she feels the nurses spend more time touching the computer and no time touching her, as you just did, and that we come across as cold and not caring. We need to realize that patient interaction is still paramount to the overall delivery of care.Take time to interact with the patient. Then step back and document; perhaps explaining what you are documenting and why it is important to her care. 8. What do you anticipate will be your plan of action when the computer system is down? What will be your back up plan? If the computer is down for a set amount of time, as determined by the hospitals administration, then the paper chart will be utilized. If the downtime is for an extended period of time, then this data would be scanned into the EMR as soon as possible after the computer system is back on line.If the duration was short, say an hour or so, then this data should be manually documented back into the EMR with the assessment time documented. 9. How do you anticipate computer physician order entry being a benefit? For one legibility! No more trying to decode what you think may have been written. It will be clear and concise. Also the physician may be able to look at documentation form somewhere other than the patients unit and decide orders need to be given. He can simply do computer order entry and a task will appe ar for new orders.If the order is anything other than routine, a call should be placed to alert the nurse of the priority. 10. What do see as a benefit to Quality Improvement by the institution of the EMR on a unit basis? We will be able to track data at a faster and higher accuracy a opposed to thumbing through paper record after record searching for data collection. The data collected can be as concise as to a particular nurse or a specific health issue. The data collected helps to support EBM change.

Fear and Loathing on MySpace.com Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fear and Loathing on MySpace.com - Essay Example But who is she hanging out with And who is lurking online in the shadows of MySpace leering at the profiles of these vulnerable tweens While some have hailed MySpace as the greatest social experiment of the century, others have called it a Sears and Roebuck catalogue for pedophiles. Social networking has forever altered the modern childhood relationship. This revolution has left our youngest children, ages 8-13, open to the threat of exploitation and for these kids MySpace is a dangerous space to be in. The greatest threat to these children who visit MySpace is the potential to be sexually solicited. A study conducted at the University of New Hampshire found that 1 in 5 children who have been online on a social network have experienced sexual solicitation (Mitchell, Finkelhor, and Wolak 3012). With the number of younger children creating a profile on MySpace skyrocketing1 this means millions of children are being exposed to this danger. As younger and younger children begin to logon and socialize, we put an age group at risk that are the least able to handle these abusive situations. Though MySpace requests that all users must be age 14 or older, younger and younger children are going online. ... Still, the children at risk get younger. A New Jersey Principal became concerned when "one of her 10-year-old students got an inappropriate message from "someone clearly an adult" ('"MySpace' Cadets"). This was on a school computer with close supervision. Younger children are able to deceive the registration process and could end up being molested or worse. The fact is that MySpace does not verify age and there is no way they can. The BBC reported in March 2006 that two men were arrested in the US over sex charges after they allegedly used MySpace to illegally contact their victims ("MySpace Tightens Age Restrictions"). One girl was just 11 years old. Though MySpace has made a token effort to tighten their age restrictions, they are well aware of the loopholes in security. They have even begun to warn teenagers of the danger. Recently, "the site introduced adverts warning teenagers about the dangers of sexual predators on the web" and the BBC contends that, "At the moment, MySpace has no way of verifying the age of users" ("MySpace Tightens Age Restrictions."). Currently there is not way to prevent an 8-year-old from registering as an 18-year-old. How easy is it for someone to pretend to be a different age or gender on MySpace According to computer security expert Richard Carlotti, anyone can do it. He says that MySpace currently uses the honor system and uses the information you supply it. He warns people that MySpace can never be safe for young children. He says, "If it is designed to be used by teen-agers, the security needs to be geared toward them, which means anyone with a 13 year old mind can subvert the system". The only way to increase the security is use biometric identification systems2 that are simply too expensive and

Can social media act as a platform for counter hegemony Research Paper

Can social media act as a platform for counter hegemony - Research Paper Example Social media channels did not cause uprising but played a significant role in sharing information. This paper seeks to discuss the primary role performed by social media during the 2011 Egyptian revolution (Attia, Assaf, El, Kaldas, Mo, & El-Shazly, 2011). It will explore the question whether the social media acted as a platform for counter hegemony. Finally, it will analyze theories discussing the linkage between social media and power, and how social media challenged the authority of Mubarak. Discussion Social media acts as the XXI century pamphlet, a way that individuals who are frustrated and unsatisfied with the status quo can plan and organize themselves and stage or coordinate protest. There are various theories that discuss the relationship between social media and power, for example, Antonio Gramsci and Marxism theory. Hegemony is a term that emanated from Karl Marx writing. It was intellectualized by a Marxist social philosopher, Antonio Gramsci, who lived in Italy. Gramsci subscribed to Marxist idea of the historical dialectic. This implies that based on the classic Marxist theories, communities or societies must change over time from oppressive systems of the economy to highly liberating ones till the society finally attains the Utopian communism state (Sowers & Toensing, 2012). Marx asserted that capitalism was a subordinate system of economy because of the unequal wealth and power distribution among the few powerful individuals. Moreover, he argued that ultimately, the capitalism would be overthrown by the masses and shift to the system that is less oppressive. Gramsci employs â€Å"hegemony† to theorize the fundamental condition for effective overthrow of both the powerful (bourgeoisie) by the proletariat (ruled) and its allies (for instance, the peasantry), and the bourgeois power structures in the Western European states during XIX and XX century. Gramsci’s â€Å"hegemony† is the process of intellectual and moral leadership in which subordinate or dominated classes of post 1870 Western European industrial nations consent to their own suppression by the powerful classes, rather than being coerced or forced into accepting inferior ranks. According to Gramsci, hegemony is a form of control practiced by a dominant or powerful group. In the Marxist idea of a group dominating production means; Gramsci uses â€Å"essential group† to represent the â€Å"ruling class† (Terryn, 2011). For him, the Western European nations dominant class represented the bourgeoisie, who according to the Communist Manifesto are â€Å"the class or group of modern Capitalists, wage labour employers and the owners social production means, whereas, the vital subordinate class represented the proletariat, â€Å"the group of modern wage-laborers, without means personal production means, and thus, must sell their labour power to survive. Gramsci’s hegemony use can only be realized in the light of some of the conce pts he established and those of the Civil Society and the state. Gramsci argues that media promotes powerful or dominant powers structures in his broadly used hegemony theory. In media studies, the term hegemony is defined as ways in which media motivates individuals to consent to the status quo structures of power. In the case of the Egyptian revolution, Gramsci and Marxism theory reveals that the authoritarian leadership did their best to block and cut Internet access by the mass. Unfortunately, despite their efforts,

Ethical manner Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical manner - Research Paper Example s of administration, which focus on individual employees and understanding of their behaviours before employment of strategies that are specific to such behaviours and thus effective in enhancing sustainable organizational development. One of the unethical issues that exist yet avoidable in the article is carelessness in the presentation of the work. The authors show negligence and make careless errors especially in terms of grammatical arrangements and issues of punctuation. On the other hand, subjectivity is an avoidable unethical issue in the research. As such, it is important for the researchers to be objective by avoiding any form of bias in the design of the study, data analysis, interpretation of data, and personal decisions (Resnik, 2011). It is also important to disclose any financial or personal interests to avoid negative influences of such aspects on the research process or findings. One of the parties that are likely to face injury in the study is the employees within the hotels. As such, since the study reviews the behaviour of these employees and their effect on organizational success, in response to the management, the exposure of identities of some of the employees that are believed to be negatively responding to management in their performance may risk dismissal from their jobs. On the other hand, some of the managers that may be marked as using poor management skills by the study may ruin their reputation especially before the organizations’ governing bodies and thus affect their relationships with top most management and even the employees. Carelessness in the presentation of data could lead to poor interpretation of the data and thus alter the initial intention of the study (Resnik, 2011). This could lead to initiation of interventions in the wrong variables. In addition, careless presentation of data could lead to questioning of the credibility of the paper, an aspect that would lead to neglecting of the content of the study by all

The importance of exercise for a healthy life style Research Paper

The importance of exercise for a healthy life style - Research Paper Example Previous reports by the Surgeon General were delivered on topics such as the adverse health consequences of smoking, nutrition, violence, and HIV/AIDS. These reports heightened the public's awareness of these important health issues and led the way for major public health initiatives (Miller 1). Dr. Manley described the 1996 Surgeon General's first Report on Physical Activity and Health as more than just a summary of the science but also as a national call to action. Physical activity now joined sound nutrition, seat belt use, and the negative health effects of tobacco use as essential health objectives for the nation. Dr. Manley ascertained that due to the direct relationship between physical activity and disease prevention and premature death, Americans must get serious about their commitment to healthy physical activity (Miller 1). Sedentary lifestyle or inactivity is a major contributor to obesity and being overweight as well as to numerous other diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and certain cancers. There is a growing body of literature indicating that regular physical exercise may prove beneficial in lessening the consequences or preventing the onset of a wide range of disease and chronic conditions (Jonker 38- 43; Pinto 247). Exercise and Physical Health According to the Surgeon General, due to lifestyle and dietary changes, obesity and overweight have reached epidemic proportions in United States. While there are numerous reasons for the overweight and obesity epidemic, it is undisputed that nutritional habits as well as physical inactivity are major contributors to the problem. Blair and Brodney (1999) reported that epidemiological studies consistently showed that active persons were protected against the health risks of being overweight or obese and actually had lesser mortality and morbidity. Regular physical activity resulted in positive metabolic changes that appeared to provide part of the protection against disease. S ince these positive metabolic changes were found to occur independently of body composition changes, the authors suggested the promotion of physical activity without an emphasis on weight changes, thus avoiding the frustration many obese individuals feel toward exercise since their efforts often do not lead to changes in weight or body composition. Brodney et al. (459- 467) examined the nutritional habits of men and women across three fitness categories (high, moderate, and low) and compared their nutritional intake to the national dietary recommendations. Results showed that both women and men with increased fitness levels consume diets with a significantly lower percent of calories derived from fat and saturated fat, had significantly higher dietary fiber intake and significantly lower cholesterol intake than did those less fit individuals. The more fit individuals consumed diets that more closely aligned with the national dietary recommendations. The Surgeon General (USDHHS, 1996 ) reported that people who are more active were also less likely to be obese, since exercise does not always result in increased appetite. This may be due in part to increased energy expenditures without the increase in appetite. However, in general, studies have shown that from exercise alone people do not lose significant amounts of weight but rather lose more weight through a mixture of exercise and diet. Contrary to these studies, which indicated that a combination of diet and exercise were the best

A critical theoretical and visual analysis of my experience of being a Essay

A critical theoretical and visual analysis of my experience of being a student at the University of the West of England in 2013 - Essay Example Workforce diversity is now considered as an essential business concern. According to Gaspar, et al., encompassing a highly diverse workforce is arguably one of the greatest assets of a company. However, the author emphasized that diversity is also responsible for raising a number of issues within the organization. In the similar context, the leadership activities within an organization also play a critical role towards its success. According to Khatri, pursuing the most effective leadership style is an integral function of a business organization. Scholars such as Stadtler, et al. deem that the success of an organization remain heavily dependent upon the quality and style of leadership being pursued. The significance of effective leadership increases to a large extent when the business encompasses diverse employees. However, the significance is not restrained with only business organization, but is applicable in every sphere of society. Hence, the same applies for the universities an d colleges around the world. Figure 1 – Diverse Groups and Teams The image above signifies how the integration of different culture and background helps in increasing the strength. According to Tuomela, a conjoint effort increases the strength and also helps in making pragmatic decisions. However, management of the diverse workforce is equally important in order to get the best out of it; else there are high chances of conflict among the members. Nowadays, students from all over the world like to complete their graduation and masters from renowned foreign universities and as a result of that, students from different cultural and religious background. The University of West England is one such university where students from different places, different religion and different culture come in to pursue their education. As a result of that students are being exposed to various kinds of risks as well as rewards. This statement can be supported by the theory put forwards by Gasper e t al. (2005), where they mention that diversity helps in bringing creativity and innovation, and also increases the overall strength. However, diversity may result in less cohesion and augments the chances of communication problems. In addition, mistrust among the group members can also take place. Thus the various kinds of risks and rewards are clearly demonstrated. In the context of a university, the role of leadership becomes evident when a group assignment needs to be accomplished. Therefore, it is evident that the theories which will be focused upon and emphasized in this paper are the pros and cons of diverse groups and teams and the role of leadership in minimizing its negative impacts. The subsequent section of the study will throw light on my experience of being a student at the University of the West of England in the context of working with diverse groups and teams and significance of leadership. My Experience of Work and Critical Analysis In order to showcase the impact of having diverse team members and the role played by effective leadership, I would like to underline an incident which took place during the last when I was working on group assignments. The university assigned me to carry out a group project on business management. The study was actually a research work and needed around 6 members. The group was divided by the professor and our group comprised of students from different places of the earth. We have members from the UK, Australia and India. The student from the UK was eventually made the group leader and we all happily accepted it as the study required knowledge of local people and he is one who has sound knowledge about UK people (culture, likings, disliking etc.). In addition, the English student has

Human Rights, Cultural Integrity and Diversity and Protection of Human Essay

Human Rights, Cultural Integrity and Diversity and Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms while countering Terrorism - Essay Example Not only the government but the non-governmental organizations are playing a prominent role in this context. According to the Latest Poverty reduction strategy paper about 70% of Zambia’s population live below the poverty line which results in harmful consequences for human rights. There is a lack of awareness in the people of Zambia which poses a negative impact in this regard. Though it is a stable county in many aspects, poverty and unemployment and governmental corruption are the key issues which act as a hindrance to the economic and social development of Zambia. Human rights problems include an unlawful killing; torture, beatings, and abuse of suspects and detainees by security forces; official impunity; life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrests and prolonged pretrial detention; long trial delays; arbitrary interference with privacy; restrictions on freedom of speech, press, assembly, and association; government corruption; violence and discrimination against women; child abuse; trafficking in persons; discrimination based on sexual orientation and against persons with disabilities; restrictions on labor rights; forced labor; and child labor. Zambia is a member of United Nations and the African union and adheres to the commitments made in these universal human rights documents. The inhabitants of Zambia can turn to the UN Human Rights Committee through procedure 1503 to the special representatives in order to combat any kind of violation of specific human rights. ECOSOC is particularly focusing on the women rights violation. Zam bia is also a member of the following organizations including UNESCO, ILO procedure, African Commission on Human and People’s Rights, International Criminal court. Some major roots of human rights violation in Zambia are discussed below: The physical abuse of men, women and children who are in police custody face the worst forms of brutality and torture .The Zambian police

The Effects of Various Substances on the Rate of Sodium, Potassium and Lab Report

The Effects of Various Substances on the Rate of Sodium, Potassium and Urine Excretion in the Human - Lab Report Example The main reason behind this is that Furosemide is a very strong diuretic. In this experiment, volunteers from three various student groups participated in one of the sample groups. They provided the required urine sample that is needed for collection of data. The collected data was assembled, illustrated, and calculated to get the expected results. It is expected that the statistical results will indicate that there was an increase in urine out from the samples of alcohol and juice groups but not in potassium and sodium. The furosemide samples should record a definite increase in urine output in both samples of sodium and potassium groups and the other two samples groups of alcohol and juice. The reduction of potassium and sodium output in the experiment proved that most potassium and sodium was reabsorbed in the blood before the filtered fluid in the body became urine and ultimately eliminated from the body as urine. Diuretics are forms of drugs, which increase urine production in order to create the hypotensive effect. Furosemide operates in a manner that it blocks the absorption of potassium and sodium from the filtered fluid, causing an increase in urine output (dieresis). The main objective of this experiment was to determine the diuretic effects of furosemide against a control group and another group that was under the influence of alcohol. The effects were later observed through potassium and sodium excreted by the human volunteer. The action mechanism depletes sodium from the blood plasma leading to the hypotensive effect. A reduction in the amount of blood plasma leads to a reduction of peripheral workload and cardiac output. The experiment was carried out at the University of Brighton among the different pharmacy group students. The experiment required that no pregnant student or any student under contraceptive drugs would participate in this experiment.  Students that are diagnosed with any kidney disorder or taking medication that controls their blood pressure must also not participate in this experiment.

Comparative Analysis - Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton Essay Example for Free

Comparative Analysis Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton Essay The two speeches orated by Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton were delivered in 1995 to influence change. Wiesel’s, ‘Listen to the silent screams’ was delivered at Auschwitz. World leaders and survivors listened as he influenced the audience to act upon racial hatred and religious extremism. Clinton delivered her speech at the United Nations 4th conference on Women’s Rights Plenary Session in Beijing. This is ironic given China’s poor record for human rights violations, particularly against females. Delegates and women from all over the world came to hear her rebuttal, ‘Women’s rights are human rights’. Both Wiesel’s and Clinton’s speeches are relevant today as both their aspirations of human rights for all have not yet been fully realised. Both speakers broadcast their message by addressing the audience through exhibiting their authority and rhetorical devices. Both speakers establish authority and credibility for themselves as speakers and for their cause in different ways. Wiesel is authoritative as he has lived through the Holocaust, whereas Clinton is authoritative as she is an active feminist. Wiesel addresses his audience by using personal pronouns to create equality, â€Å"I speak to you as a man, who 50 years and nine days ago had no name, no hope, no future and was known only by his number, A7713†. This statistical information shows the formality of the occasion and establishes that being in Auschwitz has influenced his view on humanity. He â€Å"has seen what humanity has done to itself by trying to exterminate an entire people and inflict suffering and humiliation and death on so many others. Wiesel does not specifically identify one group of people for doing this; he influences the audience to understand whole of humanity was responsible for Auschwitz. Contrastingly, Clinton establishes her authority by being female, by being indefatigable, and by speaking to and for women from all over the world. She states, â€Å"Over the past 25 years I have worked persistently on issues relating to women, children and families. † This shows she is serious about women’s right, it is something she strongly believes in, and her commitment to the cause is absolute. Clinton has worked on women’s rights for â€Å"the past 25 years†. Not only is she committed, in addition she brings experience. By listing countries in which she has talked to mothers about their issues, â€Å"I have met new mothers in Indonesia Denmark South Africa India Bangladesh Belarus Ukraine Chernobyl †, she highlights her credibility to appear influential and qualified to act as a voice on their behalf. She has met mothers who are voiceless, now she has the responsibility to speak out, to be the one voice that is heard. Both speakers establish their authority by validating their cause and using rhetorical devices . Wiesel uses emotive language and imagery, whereas Clinton appeals to fact. Imagery is used in Wiesel’s speech to capture the surreality of the Holocaust. Clinton uses fact to update the audience with reality of the world, and influences the audience with statistical information. Wiesel uses representative figures of mothers and old men and women, â€Å"Listen to the silent screams of terrified mothers, the prayers of anguished old men and women. † The use of the emotively loaded adjectives ‘terrified’ and ‘anguished’ shows the reader their vulnerability. Prayers’, shows helplessness and desperation as there was nothing they could do but hope. Their prayers went unanswered, as did the silent screams. Wiesel uses anaphora and imperative to influence the reader the dead have never been laid to rest, â€Å"Listen to the tears of children, Jewish children, a beautiful little girl among them, with golden hair, whose vulnerable tenderness has never left me. † Wiesel influences the audience to pity the children, the most innocent of mankind. He achieves this by describing a representative figure who stands for all Jewish children. Through the description of, ‘vulnerable tenderness’ he emphasises the frailty and innocence of children, while showing that this was brutally crushed. There was no mercy. The weak were tormented, the most innocent were sentenced to a death both unimaginable and undignified, â€Å"Look and listen as they quietly walk towards dark flames so gigantic that the planet itself seemed in danger. † The metaphor shows the quantity and mass of the deaths, that people were being murdered on such a large scale that it seemed as if the whole world would be consumed. In contrast to Wiesel, Clinton used statistics throughout her speech to underline the importance of women’s rights. Statistics were used to give the reader an idea of scale, â€Å"Women comprise more than half the world’s population, 70% of the world’s poor, and two-thirds of those who are not taught to read and write. † Incorporating researched data gives realism and urgency. When statistics are used the audience is able to comprehend what is happening and who is involved. By using examples Clinton is telling the audience it should not be a problem as it involves at least half of the world’s population. Clinton gives examples from all over the world of what is happening, one of them being, â€Å"It is a violation of human rights when babies are denied food, or drowned, or suffocated, or their spines broken, simply because they are born girls†. Notice in this it is not only stated as a violation of women’s rights, but a violation of human rights. We are human, and we have rights. The violence needs to stop; in the name of humanity as a whole. Both Wiesel and Clinton are telling the world through the power of rhetoric, that change is needed. These speeches are relevant and persistent today. The issue of effectively opposing religious fanaticism, racial hate, and building gender equality have enduring relevance in all countries. With, â€Å" let us stop the bloodshed in Bosnia, Rwanda and Chechnia; the vicious and ruthless terror attacks against Jews in the Holy Land†, Wiesel is saying humanity has turned on itself before, and suffered before, yet we have not learned. He commands we must â€Å"reject and oppose more effectively religious fanaticism and racial hate†. Allow the Holocaust to be the past, Wiesel urges we must focus on a safer future for our children so that the millions who died in the Holocaust did not do so in vain. Clinton speaks to the world, urging the importance of gender equality, â€Å"Even now, in the late 20th century, the rape of women continues to be used as an instrument of armed conflict†. In this she gives an example of why gender equality needs to occur by giving an example of what is happening today. Both speakers influence the audience through exhibiting their authority and use of power, they show that these issues are pressing and cannot be ignored.

Death Comparison Essay Essay Example for Free

Death Comparison Essay Essay Editors play influential roles in literature. They can easily alter the overall atmosphere of literature or change the message behind it. Different versions of the poem â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz†¦Ã¢â‚¬  by Emily Dickinson demonstrate different caesura, capitalization and word usage. The 1955 edition by Thomas H. Johnson and the original version by Emily Dickinson portray almost identical ideas and emphasis through limited alteration of caesura and word capitalization in relation to death as somewhat unimportant event. Caesura is one of the most crucial elements in classic English poetry. It can either change the pace or the atmosphere of the work. Emily Dickinson uses caesura in her poem â€Å"Dying† to demonstrate death as a slow and unspiritual event. Both the 1955 edition and the original edition share the same style of caesura from the start to the end. In the original version, Dickinson uses a vast number of hyphens between sentences. For example, the first two sentences of the poem, â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz-when/ I died-†, depicts how the author uses hyphens between every phrase to portray short breaths of a dying individual. The author uses short breathed pace of the poem to describe the narrator’s slow process of death and nonspiritual side of death. In addition, the author implies how death does not contain any kind of sudden or spiritual endings. In the 1955 edition, Johnson places caesuras in almost identical places to preserve the original work’s perception of death. As a result, the 1955 edition successfully displays images of a dying narrator and the short paced poet structure. With the same style of caesura, the 1955 edition brings out the original version’s idea about death being a slow yet nonspiritual everyday occurrence. Often poets use capitalization as a tool to emphasize specific words. Two versions of the poem â€Å"Dying† capitalize overlapping words to express equal emphasis. In the original version of the poem Emily Dickinson constantly  focuses on incoherent words such as â€Å"room† and â€Å"fly.† The author uses emphasis on the room to create an illusion of an isolated space. Dickinson utilize this illusion introduce the emptiness of death. The constant capitalization of the word â€Å"fly† causes readers’ attention to move away from the dying narrator. This ironic emphasis on the fly, transforms this serious theme called death into something that is minor and insignificant. Two versions of the poem, the 1955 edition and the original edition, have minor difference in their capitalization style; the only difference is the capitalization of the word around. In the 1955 edition, Johnson capitalizes the words â€Å"fly† and â€Å"room† throughout the poem. As a result of this capitalization Johnson successfully creates an atmosphere that is identical to the original version. Johnson also inherits Dickinson’s original intention to minimize the importance of death and to make something miniscule, a fly, as the center of attention. The 1955 edition shares an incredible amount of similarities with the original version; the style of caesura and the capitalization of specific words. The 1955 edition places hyphens in the exact same places to preserve the original version’s ideas about death being a slow natural process. In addition, both of the 1955 edition and the original version emphasize significant words such as â€Å"fly and â€Å"room† to represent the insignificance of death, rather than portraying death as a major event in human lives. Bibliography I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died (591). By Emily Dickinson : The Poetry Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/174972.

Beer spoilage associated with Pediococcus spp

Beer spoilage associated with Pediococcus spp Introduction In average lager fermentation gradual decrease of pH and specific gravity is expected while ethanol concentration is increasing. Some flavours are also formed during fermentation as esters and other flavour compounds are formed. They can remain in beer or be gradually removed either due to evaporation or further metabolism of yeast. Deviations from the average pattern of changes can signalise a contamination. Fermenting wort is therefore routinely tested for its gravity, pH and also for flavour and odour. In a sample tested rapid decrease of pH at the end of fermentation was noted. pH reached 3.7 which was well below expected 4.1 (Hough 2001). Such significant fall suggested bacterial contamination. Two groups of bacteria may cause lowering of pH. These are Acetic Acid Bacteria and Lactic Acid Bacteria. pH decrease was noted late in fermentation when no oxygen was available suggesting Lactic Acid Bacteria. Strong diacetyl odour (sweet-buttery), turbidity and time indicated Pediococcus spp., probably Pediococcus damnosus since it is the most common beer-spoiling bacterium in its genus . The spoilage characteristic associated with Pediococcus spp. Lactic Acid Bacteria are the most common contaminant in fermented wort and beer. They can be responsible for up to 90% of microbial beer spoilage incidents (Taskila et al. 2009). Within them two groups are recognised as the most common contaminants: Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. The symptoms of bacterial contamination by member of any of those two genera are similar: lowered acidity (giving to the beer sour taste) caused by production of lactic acid by the bacteria and diacetyl (buttery) off-flavour. The latter one is the main reason why pediococcal contamination is so unwanted. According to Whiting (1992) as few as 20,000 bacterial cells per 1ml can produce diacetyl in concentration of 0.36mg/L, which is 3 times higher than the taste threshold. Spoilage by Pediococcus is often characterised by ropines, but some of Lactobacilli can also give similar symptoms. Presence of any of those lactic acid bacteria negatively influences yeast performance and health slowing down fermentation (Priest 2006). Further investigation is required to determine spoilage microorganism, the cause of contamination and methods of removing unwanted bacteria from the system. Pediococci are spherical, gram positive bacteria that often form tetrads, but also may appear in pairs (Priest 2006). Generally they are catalase negative, but in low glucose medium they can produce pseudocatalase that can also break hydrogen peroxide, which may lead to false catalase test results (Priest 2003). They do not form spores and are nonmotile. The main product of their metabolism is lactic acid (homofermentative bacteria) and thought they are anaerobic they can tolerate presence of oxygen (Priest 2003). The species that can inhabit fermenting wort and beer are hop resistant. Following species have been isolated from beer: Pediococcus damnosus (formerly in brewing literature also referred to as P. cerevisiae), which is found in beer, late fermentation and brewing yeast (also wine) and is thought to be responsible for 90% of all spoilage incidents caused by Pediococci (Priest 2003, Whiting et al. 1992, ). Pediococcus inopinatus found in beer, brewing yeast, vegetables, wine, milk (Priest 2003). Pediococcus dextrinicus (Priest 2003). Pediococcus pentosaceus (Priest 2003). Pediococcus claussenii (Priest 2006). Isolation and confirmation of the presence of Pediococcus spp. To detect presence of Pediococcus species in wort it should be first filtrated (volume 100ml). A 0.2 0.45 microns membrane filter is recommended. (Lewis and Bamforth 2006). Colonies should be incubated then on suitable medium (e.g. MRS[1]with Actidione to suppress yeast growth, Raka-Ray or NBB medium) for 5 days in temperature 25oC in anaerobic conditions (Lewis and Bamforth 2006, Briggs et al. 2004). Grown bacteria can be Gram-stained and examined under microscope. Gram-positive cocci organised in tetrads suggest Pediococcus spp. although that should be checked by further tests: Catalase test should be negative no bubbles formed after dripping 3% H2O2 solution onto colony. Colonies growing have sour odour. No gas should be produced from glucose using Gibson and Abd-el-Malek method (Priest 2003, p. 211). An improved methodology for the recovery of Pediococcus spp. Traditional methods of identifying bacteria are very time consuming. The results are too slow for commercial requirements and may result in dispatching a product that does not meet health and safety criteria. Therefore rapid testing methods were developed to identify spoilage microorganisms. There are used in diagnostic tests, often designed specifically for a given industry, such as LightCycler foodproof Beer Screening Kit. The LightCycler foodproof Beer Screening Kit is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In order to carry on the test sample has to be filtrated and inoculated into enriching broth as the count of about 1000 cells/ml is required to increase reliability of the result. The sample is then centrifuged, cells are lysed and DNA extracted, amplified and identified. The test can detect 24 most common species of beer spoilage bacteria of genera Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Pectinatus and Megasphaera and identify Pediococcus damnosus as well as P. inopinatus, Lactobacillus brevis, L. lindneri and Megasphaera cerevisiae (Biotecon 2009). The method is very quick in compare to traditional methods (2 days versus up to 14) but is much more expensive. It requires three more kits and specialist equipment to carry the test and read the results, therefore can not be applied in small breweries. Solution Pediococcus damnosus was found in the fermenting wort and in beer. Special cleaning regime was employed with use of antibiotics to remove contamination as well as acid wash was implemented to pitching yeast. References BIOTECON. 2009. http://bc-diagnostics.de/?cid=1201264657lang=1name=foodproof+Beer+Screening+Kit%2C+Hybridization+Probes+(LC+1.x)+ http://www.bc-diagnostics.com/public/DB_Data/files/Downloads/BeerScreening.pdf leaflet. Biotecon Diagnostic GmbH. Potsdam. Briggs, D.E., Boulton, C.A., Brookes, P.A., Stevens, R. (2004). Microbiology. In Brewing. Science and Practice. pp 606 649. Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press, LTD. Cambridge. Hough, J.S., (2001). The Biotechnology of Malting and Brewing. Cambridge University Press. Melbourne. Lewis, M.J., Bamforth, C.W., (2006). Microbiology. In Essays in Brewing Science. pp. 58 68. Springer Science+Business Media LLC. New York. Priest, F.G., (2003). Gram-positive Brewery Bacteria. In Brewing Microbiology. 3rd ed. (ed. by Priest, F.G. and Campbell, I.). pp 181 218. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. New York. Priest, F.G., (2006). Microbiology and Microbial Control in the Brewery. In Handbook of brewing. 2nd ed. (ed. by Priest, F.G. and Stewart, G.H.). pp 607 628. Tylor and Francis. Boca Roca. Taskila, S., Nebauer, P., Tuomola, M., Breinstein, A., Kronlà ¶f, J., Hillukkala, T. (2009). Improved Enrichment Cultivation of Beer Spoiling Lactic Acid Bacteria by Continuos Glucose Addition. In Journal of Institute of Brewing. Vol. 15. No 3. 177-182. Whiting, M., Crichlow, M., Ingledew, W.M., Ziola, B., (1992). Detection of Pediococcus spp. In Brewing Yeast by a Rapid Immunoassay. In Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 58. No 2. 713-716

Can I know what another person is thinking or feeling? If so, how? :: essays papers

Can I know what another person is thinking or feeling? If so, how? The problem of Other Minds is a true philosophical enigma. It is apt to strike children with no philosophical education whatsoever, yet remains intractable to many academics. Broadly speaking, the problem can be divided into three questions. Firstly, how do I come to believe that there are minds in the world other than my own? Secondly, how can I justify my belief that there are minds in the world other than my own? Thirdly, what can I state about the mental states of minds other than my own?. The question we are dealing with here falls largely into the third category, although of course issues relating to the other two will also be involved. Firstly, it is imperative to assert that, in looking for 'knowledge', we are not aiming for logical certainties - we are not aiming to show that any propositions about other minds can be demonstrated with absolute certainty equivalent to that of mathematical truths. Philosophy ever since Descartes has tended to be defined by scepticism: either it aims to produce sceptical theories or it aims to refute them. And sceptics tend towards extremity in their doubts. It must be stated here and now that there are not, and never can be, any theories that prove demonstratively that other minds exist, or that I know others' mental states. This is not what should be aimed at in attempting to solve the problem. As Austin puts it "To suppose that the question 'How do I know that Tom is angry?' is meant to mean 'How do I introspect Tom's feelings?' is simply barking up the wrong gum-tree." Most philosophers agree that their theories only bestow a greater or lesser amount of probability onto statements about other minds (although there are exceptions, e.g. Peter Strawson's attempt to argue transcendentally for the existence of other minds through our own self-consciousness). There have been a number of different attempts to do this. J.S. Mill, who produced the first known formulation of the Other Minds problem, used the so-called 'Argument from Analogy' both to explain how we come to believe in other minds and to justify this belief. Briefly, the argument holds that I am directly aware of mental states in myself, and I am aware of the behaviour of mine that results from and is caused by these mental states. As I can observe similar physical behaviour in others, I draw the analogy that it is caused by the same (or at least similar) mental states to my own.

Autism and Implications of Evidence Based Research on Therapeutic Inter

Autism and Implications of Evidence Based Research on Therapeutic Interventions in Youth The field of Autism continues to be an evolving and dynamic theme of exploration and research for professionals in the medical, educational, behavioral, and social science disciplines. The research around evidenced based therapies in these realms guides professional practice, interventions, programs, and long-term care for individuals with Autism. A review of the research studies published within the past five years on the use of positive behavioral interventions and supports in the management of behaviors for students with Autism within the educational setting will occur within this paper. The review of each research study will address the focus of the study, the questions the research study aims to answer, the sample the research study investigates, the experimental or research design used in the study, and finally the statistical tests used to derive the research results. The Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (2009) published the article, Updating a meta-analysis of intervention research with challenging behaviour: Treatment validity and standards of practice, which reviews the previous research pertaining to best practice and the success rate of different strategies to address challenging behavior in children with developmental disabilities. Authors Shane Harvey, Diana Boer, Luanna Meyer, Ian Evan sought to conduct an extensive systematic meta-analysis of the literature published on research studies in regards to problem behaviors in children with developmental disabilities. Harvey, Boer, Meyer, and Evans attempt to replicate as closely as possible a research study first published approximately two decades ago on a ... ...y, S. T., Boer, D., Meyer, L. H., & Evans, I. M. (2009). Updating a meta-analysis of intervention research with challenging behaviour: Treatment validity and standards of practice [Abstract]. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 34(1), 67-80. doi:10.1080/13668250802690922 Kraemer, B. R., Cook, C. R., Browning-Wright, D., Mayer, G. R., & Wallace, M. D. (2008). Effects of Training on the Use of the Behavior Support Plan Quality Evaluation Guide with Autism Educators: A Preliminary Investigation Examining Positive Behavior Support Plans. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 10(3), 179-189. doi:10.1177/1098300708318796 National Autism Center (2009). National Standards Project-Addressing the Need for Evidence-Based Practice Guideline for Autism Spectrum Disorders (978-0-9836494-2-7). Retrieved May 26, 2012, from http://nationalautismcenter.org

An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Bravery in Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Bravery in Beowulf Bravery is like a very trusted friend, it will never let you down. That statement holds true in the great epic of "Beowulf." "Beowulf" is the story of a great hero who comes to the aid of a troubled king. Beowulf hears that king Hrothgar is having trouble and immediately comes to help with no questions asked. he defeats the monster, Grendel, with his bare hands. Beowulf then defeats Grendel's mother along with a dragon until he is fatally injured. Bravery is a very admirable characteristic that few people possess. First of all, Beowulf came to help Hrothgar on his own free will. Hearing of the troubles that Hrothgar was having with a monster terrorizing Herot, his mead hall, Beowulf bravely offered his help not knowing what he was up against. When he arrived, Beowulf did not ask the king for either money nor fame. The only favor that he asked of Hrothgar was that he and his men were to fight the monster, Grendel. Coming away from one's homeland to help get rid of a man-eating monster and asking for nothing in return takes much courage and is an extremely brave deed. Next, Beowulf decides to fight Grendel with his bare hands. He could have easily obtained some kind of weapon to fight with. Beowulf was the first warrior ever to have enough sheer bravery to go up against such a monster with neither help nor weapon or shield to aid him. he was a warrior that believed somewhat in fate and in God. Believing that God made the decisions and was in control, Beowulf trusted that his life was in good hands. Defeating Grendel with his bare hands, Beowulf not only proved his bravery but also his loyalty. After defeating Grendel, Beowulf came back twice in order to kill Grendel's mother and a fire-breathing dragon. Although during his bout with the dragon, Beowulf was fatally injured. As his services were needed, he always prevailed; Beowulf's bravery never tired. He even had to fight and kill these monsters in their homes where nobody had ever ventured. Successfully defeating Grendel's mother lead Beowulf into his third and final battle with the last monster.

Is Macbeth truly an evil-tyrant, or is he a tragic hero? Essay

The first thing that we must take into account when analysing Macbeths character is that he is a normal human being, and like normal human beings, he has moments of weakness which when played upon can result in huge mistakes. The story of Macbeth is an example of power at the expense of everything else. He begins the play as a strong character, much admired and respected, and we witness his personality and actions become more and more deceitful which eventually leads to his destruction. The first thing we hear of Macbeth is people singing his praises. We hear the Captain say ‘For Brave Macbeth – well he deserves that name†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and Duncan greeting him, ‘O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman.’ Surely somebody so highly praised could not be an evil person†¦? Macbeth was an honourable gentleman with no criminal tendencies. With so many people praising his courageous fighting, he returns from a victorious battle, puffed-up with self-love that demands ever-increasing recognition of his greatness. The first flaw in his personality is that he takes the praise too much to heart and begins to believe that he deserves great rewards. When he then meets the weird sisters, they prey upon his new-found egotism, predicting his greatest dreams to be reachable. They greet him, ‘Thane of Glamis†¦Thane of Cawdor†¦King hereafter.’ After this initial meeting, he pushes aside their prediction until it arises that he has been given the post, Thane of Cawdor. This seems too coincidental to him to be able to brush off. There are two main driving forces behind Macbeth’s own self-destruction. The first being the witches involvement in encouraging his ambition, and the second, his wife, Lady Macbeth’s clever emotional manipulation and her blackmailing him into his first evil deed. The witches have basically hit his vulnerable spot by telling him that he shall become King. Macbeth is a true and manly war hero, but deep down he harbours insecurities of his manliness and the power he possesses over others; it is his wife that hits these insecurities†¦ In Act 1, Scene 3 – lines 126 onwards, we see that Macbeth plays with the idea of taking things into his own hands in order to become King. I believe, however, that had he not consulted Lady Macbeth over the matter, he would have let it drop as he would not have had the strength in him to perform such an evil deed. When she receives the letter telling her of his meeting with the witches, it is as if she takes it upon herself to make it her duty to ensure he goes ahead and kills Duncan. I gathered this from her soliloquy at the beginning of Act 1, Scene 5, where she says ‘†¦That I may pour my spirits in thine ear, and chastise with the valour of my tongue†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ – in other words, she is saying that by what ever means she will persuade him to carry out the act of murder. Lady Macbeth analyses her husband’s nature, and talks about him being ‘too full o’th’milk of human kindness’ to act without pity, which shows us that Macbeth can’t naturally be an evil character – circumstances and the equivalent of ‘peer pressure’ lead him to become the character he is at the end. The Macbeth’s have a very good relationship and in the letter he writes her, he calls her ‘my dearest partner of greatness’, showing just how devoted and close to her he is. No man who is that devoted to their wife is likely just to brush off what they say. In Act 1, scene 7, we see how dead-set against the murder Macbeth really is. In a soliloquy we hear him sum up the pro’s vs. the con’s – and he comes to the conclusion that there is only one motivation for him to go ahead with it challenging half a dozen con’s. We hear him talk of vengeance, kinship, loyalty, hospitality and religion, among others, persuading him away from committing the ultimate act of evil. I don’t believe that a man who is that morally challenged about committing a crime could possibly be a truly evil tyrant, later described as bloody, treacherous, false, deceitful and malicious. He was not born evil and until this point in his life, has never been evil. However, Lady Macbeth is a clever woman and knows what effect her words will have upon her husband. She deliberately hits him where she knows it will hurt him – questioning his manliness. When he tells her his decision to not kill him, she immediately uses every tactic she can think of to lure him into changing his mind. She uses descriptions such as ‘green and pale’ – e.g. sickly and weak to accuse him of cowardice and lack of manliness. She also bribes him with emotional blackmail, claiming that if he loved her he would do it and that she would rather kill her own baby than break a promise she had made to him. Using vicious imagery describing how she would rather ‘†¦have plucked her nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out’, she convinces him to continue with the murder. I don’t know about you, but if I had my true love using phrases like that to blackmail me into doing something, it is likely that I would buckle and give in. Macbeth is trying to keep his partner happy, rather than do it for his own benefit, which is another reason I believe that he is not an out-and-out villain, as we all possess the desire to please people. The first place in the play where I begin to doubt Macbeths innocence is the beginning of Act 2, Scene 1.Banquo and he have always been best friends and incredibly close, but in this scene we see Macbeth deceive his friend and deny that he has thought about the witches prediction. Only a few short minutes after this, however, Macbeth beings to hallucinate of a dagger very vividly. This makes me question his control over the situation. His feelings and fears have already created false images in his mind, and he hasn’t even committed the deed yet. Surely an evil tyrant – strong and powerful, would not be open to such a display of various emotions†¦? Evil thoughts are now deceiving and beginning to take over his mind, every minute increasing as he begins to see large, drops of blood form on the dagger in his mind. This implies a guilt-ridden conscience. Somebody this racked with guilt, surely must not have been born with the capability of killing another†¦? What we do see, however, from his act of murder is his extreme greed and ambition and perhaps by the way Lady Macbeth can persuade him by threatening his manhood, an inferiority complex. Throughout the play he is trying to create a safe world for himself whereby he is completely in control of Scotland. After killing Duncan, he is absolutely tortured by his own mind punishing him for the deed and cannot sleep or see Amen due to his extreme guilt. Although he continues with his constant self-torture, he realises that there is no turning back and he may as well continue with his quest for his prefect rulership – even if it means being ruthless enough to kill his best friend and a whole family. We know that he tries to shut out his deed as he says ‘I am afraid to think what I have done’. In Act 2, while Macbeth is completely falling apart, it is Lady Macbeth who keeps them both calm and sane, using the same tactics of taunting him, calling him a coward. It seems to me that if Lady Macbeth wasn’t so pushy over his manliness, that he would not have so much prove to himself and therefor would not result in taking all the actions that follow. Macbeth later takes the same taunting tactics to pursuade the murderers into killing Banquo, so her words have obviously stuck in his sub-conscience, as if something is repeated and drummed into you enough, sooner or later you will start to say it too. Even through to Act 3, scene 2 where he has already arranged his second murder and is beginning to think of himself as a great dictator, he still succumbs to the power his wife has over him. Lady Macbeth dominance over him is demonstrated by her commands to a servant, â€Å"Say to the King, I would attend his leisure for a few words†. She says this as a command or a statement, showing her extreme bossiness over him. This shows us that his fantasy of being great and powerful is untrue, because he still basically is ruled and prepared to listen to her advice and is still not totally dismissive of her opinions. However much he wishes to believe that he is untouchable and brave, he is deeply fearful to the state of irrational, crazy behaviour when he witnesses Banquo’s ghost. By the end of the play, we see the old Macbeth coming back through, the fair fighting warrior who will battle to his death†¦ Even when he knows his time is up, he acts as a true soldier should – he fights to his death and refuses to kill Macduff saying ‘My soul is too charged with the blood of thine already.’ Does that sound like the words of a ruthless tyrant with no emotions†¦? It doesn’t to me. I would sum up Macbeth as an unfortunate character who was led into the path of evil, and continued it through knowing that he had already committed the ultimate evil and nothing could undo it, or make it any worse. He buckled into the power his wife had over him and let his own ambitions get the better of him. An unfortunate trail of fate that led him to his own death†¦

IB Psych SRQ: Explain How One Hormone Influences Human Behavior

A hormone is a biochemical produced by the glands of the endocrine system which is transported by the bloodstream to specific cells and organs around the body in order to initiate specific biological responses. The human body can produce a large number of hormones, many of which have a large influence on our emotions and behavior. Common examples are adrenaline, oxytocin, oestrogen, and testosterone, which I will be using to demonstrate the vast influence which hormones have over our everyday lives.Testosterone is the hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males (development of facial hair, deepening of voice, increased muscle mass, etc.) and is secreted from the testes and ovaries, although only in small amounts by the latter. It is essential for reproduction in males and has been strongly linked to aggressive behaviors.One study which adequately demonstrates this link is Berthold’s 1840’s study on the effects of testosterone on animal behavior. In this quasi-experiment six roosters were castrated. One group was left without testicles, one had them surgically reattached, and one had another rooster’s transplanted. Both of the groups which had been given testicle transplants behaved normally (fighting, crowing, strong sex drive) despite the fact that the testicles did not re-establish the connections they had originally had, while the control group showed decreased levels of aggression and lack of desire to mate. Berthold concluded that the testes must be responsible for secreted some chemical which is linked to these behaviors.Because this study used roosters we can argue that the results should not be generalized to fit humans, however, more recent research has reinforced this link and I chose this study because it was one of the earliest and sparked further enquiry into the area. This study demonstrated a clear cause-and-effect link between the testes and traditional male behaviors because removal the testicles directly lead to less dominant behaviors in the control group.

Written Questionnaires for Investigating Students’ Career Aspirations

A questionnaire is a set list of questions. Positivists see questionnaires as useful because they produce statistical data which correlations and cause and effect relationships can be drawn. Positivists in particular see questionnaires because they produce statistical data from which correlations and cause and effects relationships can be drawn. Advantages of using questionnaires are very useful for getting large quantities of basic information on career aspirations. The pupils are geographically scattered group.It is easier to research a large sample size of pupils. This can easily be done by posting the questionnaires to them, as Connor and Dewson did in 2001 when they posted 4,000 questionnaires out. Positivists see this as useful because they want to be able to make generalisation by using a representative group. It can be particularly useful when researching sensitive issues. Their anonymity may overcome pupils' embarrassment such as questions about financial support etc. As a r esult, the response may be more likely to be higher to reveal details of their experience.However, it depends on whether the pupils and parents are reassured that their anonymity will be safeguarded. Questionnaires are much better to find data which can be compared and analysed, and are therefore particularly useful for testing hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships present in pupils’ career aspirations, such as correlation between family income and pupils aspirations. From this analysis, we can make statements about the possible causes of poor pupil aspirations and which children are most likely to have them. Positivists therefore favour this more compared to interpretivists.However there are also many limitations of using questionnaires for investigating pupils’ career aspirations. For example questionnaires are only snapshots of time. They give a picture of social reality at only one moment in time, and for something such as career aspirations which change constantly and are never really fixed always. Furthermore trends in career aspirations are always likely to be present; this means that information could possibly be biased or incorrect. This is why interpretivists tend not to use written questionnaires.Another limitation of using written  questionnaires for investigating pupils’ career aspirations is that they are a very inflexible method as argued by interpretivists. Once the researcher has found out the pupils career aspirations, no other areas of interests can be explored. This contrasts with more flexible methods of research such as unstructured interviews, which allows the research to go in different directions, as preferred by interpretivists. In conclusion, there are several strengths as well as limitations of using written questionnaires, however in the case of investigations pupils’ careers aspirations written questionnaires are useful and insightful.

A False Utopia Society English Literature Essay

A Utopia is an ideal province for society nevertheless, a Utopia is impossible to accomplish because a perfect universe does non be. A dystopia occurs when the commanding agents take control over all of society while taking away their rights, and freedom. A dystopia is obviously presented in the two novels Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, and Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. It is presented through the novels that control is merely possible with the usage of engineering. There are two distinguishable methods used to do a dystopia, Huxley uses felicity, while Orwell uses fright. Nevertheless, entire control over humanity is non unflawed because a rebellious quality will ever be, such as John, and Winston Smith. Both novels wish to obtain an indistinguishable end, to take complete control over humanity, but due to the defects within the dystopia complete use can non be. The commanding agents think they are making a Utopian society unlike the characters, who are the lone 1s that realise it is a dystopia. Despite the differences that exist within the societies of each novel, they both have the indistinguishable result of a dystopia. It is apparent in the novel Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four, it is impossible to accomplish complete control over humanity even through the usage of felicity. Brave New World attempts to take human individuality by taking over the procedure of maternity and childhood, and doing each babe born to their conditions and wishing. The babes are organized into their future societal groupings: â€Å" We besides predestine and status. We decant our babes as socialised human existences, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future sewerage works or futureaˆÂ ¦ † ( Huxley 10 ) . They are basically taking the function of God nevertheless, human nature can be modified, but non removed. This is apparent in John who clearly demonstrates true human nature that is in the Fordian society: â€Å" in Brave New World, the separation of gender and reproduction becomes the agencies whereby single individuality is made vulnerable and capable of being destroyed † ( Martin 1 ) . John, unlike t he Fordian society was born from a female parent which makes him portion of a alone society. His acknowledgments of the dystopia nowadays in the Fordian society makes him go a Rebel, as he recognises the defects and efforts to contend against them: â€Å" † Do n't you desire to be free work forces? Do n't you even understand what manhood and freedom are? † †¦ â€Å" I ‘ll do you free whether you want it or non † aˆÂ ¦he began to throw the small pill-boxes of soma tablets in smattering out into the country. † ( Huxley 187 ) Through John it is apparent that his rebellious behavior was a defect in the society because of his acknowledgment of the dystopia. Rebellion will be because of the inability to take human nature which is what finally lead John and Winston to going Rebels. In the fresh Nineteen Eighty-Four, protagonist Winston Smith is a Rebel. Winston, likewise to John has the ability to acknowledge the dystopia due to his human nature. Winston belongs in a alone portion of the society that rebels against the accountant Big Brother. He is determined to destruct Big Brother and finally destruct the dystopia. This purpose is exemplified when he states: â€Å" I do n't conceive of that we can change anything in our ain life-time. But one can conceive of small knots of opposition jumping up here and there-small groups of people banding themselves together, and bit by bit turning † ( Orwell 141 ) . He non merely has the dedication to destruct it even if he is a little fraction of the Oceanian society, but he states that there are other people similar to him. Unlike the Fordian society, Oceania attempts to cover with the Rebels by seeking to alter their human nature and do them into blind followings of the party: â€Å" O'Brien turns the one rebelli ous Winston into another thoughtless drone of the Party, representing the almighty nature of the authorities, and the futility of contending against it. † ( Beaird 1 ) . Although Winston was turned into a follower of Big Brother, he was portion of a society that exemplifies human nature and farther recognizing the dystopia. Both societies have Rebels within them such as John and Winston therefore, the rebellious presence depicts the societies as non flawless. The chief end is for the commanding agents is to accomplish complete control over the society, although both novels use different techniques to try to accomplish complete human control the result is indistinguishable. Nineteen Eighty-four utilizations fear while Brave New World uses felicity to take control over people. The Fordian society makes each group enjoy their life, and be happy with what they are making as stated by the Director of Brave New World: â€Å" that is the secret of felicity and virtuousness – wishing what you ‘ve got to make. All conditioning purpose at that: devising people like their unescapable societal fate. † ( Huxley 12 ) . The Fordian society is based on fulfilling the demands of the people, but since the hatching Centre sets the people ‘s demands they are really easy to follow. Meloni emphasizes that because all the desires are obtained there is no demand for freedom: â€Å" Desire is dead in the Brave New World: to acknowledge the being of it would intend to acknowledge the failure of the ideal province. That is why all cardinal demands, above all those related with the sexual inherent aptitude, are instantly satisfied except for the desire for freedom, which has necessarily been suppressed † ( Varricchio 1 ) . The Fordian society does non necessitate freedom because they do non cognize what it is, an semblance is made that they are populating with freedom but in world even their freedom is controlled. Sexual activity and haoma, a drug that all of society takes to do themselves more relaxed and happy, finally distracts society from the real property and yesteryear, similar to the Oceanian society. The Oceanian society presented in Nineteen Eighty-Four utilizations fright and propaganda to try to take control over all of humanity. Oceania is invariably watching people, and maintaining people sacred to either make something against the jurisprudence or even believe incorrect about Large Brother. The penalty as all the people know is either decease or terrible maltreatment, maintaining the society scared to make something incorrect. Both novels remove: the usage privateness, history, and the past to take control over the society: â€Å" In the standardised societies depicted in both novels the media uphold conformance, denying persons their ain privateness and personal feelings. Simultaneously, they strengthen powers capable of commanding every individual aspect of their topics ‘ life by striping them of all critical attitude. Both societies have emptied of a sense of history and of memory of the yesteryear. In Airstrip One, the emptiness is filled by a host of images of p ropaganda whereas in the fordian universe is shallowness and sensationalism. † ( Neilson 1 ) . One of the universe controllers O'Brien makes it really clear how rigorous the Party is to all of society, â€Å" There will be no trueness, except trueness towards the Party. There will be no love, except the love of Big Brother. There will be no laughter, except the laugh of victory over a defeated enemyaˆÂ ¦All viing pleasances will be destroyed. But alwaysaˆÂ ¦there will be the poisoning of power, invariably increasing and invariably turning subtler. † ( Orwell 242 ) . Sexual activity must besides be controlled by both societies to hold control over the people: â€Å" Since gender lies at the nucleus of identityaˆÂ ¦it must be controlled by the province every bit good. In Nineteen Eighty-Four, the method used is non physical control of gender and reproduction through engineering and conditioning, as in Brave New World. † ( Martin 1 ) . Sexual activity in Oceania is considered a rebellious act if done with pleasance or joy, which is why Winston has sex with his spouse Julia. Even with Oceania utilizing fright, and the Fordian society utilizing happiness the result is that both of the societies have turned into a dystopia, which is apparent through the Rebels John, and Winston. But without the usage of engineering no control is possible. Technology is as a necessity for accomplishing domination. Through both novels Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four it is exemplified that merely with the usage of engineering it is possible to command people. Both Fordian, and Oceanian society use the engineering otherwise nevertheless, for the same intent. Brave New World uses engineering to do different groups of people assigned to different occupations in their life, engineering is besides used to keep properties of immature age and felicity: â€Å" We preserve them from diseases. We keep their internal secernments unnaturally balanced at a vernal equilibriumaˆÂ ¦We give them transfusions of immature blood. We keep their metamorphosis for good stimulated. Youth about unimpaired till 60, and so, cleft! The terminal. † ( Huxley 95 ) . Technology is the most of import portion of the citizen ‘s lives, and for the commanding agents because it is easier to modify human nature from birth. Besides with old age and u nhappiness society would non obey their orders, and effort to better their lives taking to blemish within the dystopia: â€Å" On suction reserves reside people who lack technological â€Å" progresss. † The abode of Malpais, in contrast with the citizens of the World State, pattern a simple, agricultural life style. They give birth to kids of course and pattern monogamousness. † ( Beaird 1 ) . The little society outside of the World State is non controlled because they will non let themselves to be, and without engineering they will populate their lives in a free and rebellious mode as exemplified by John. Unlike the World State, Oceania is watching and commanding everybody at all times. In the fresh Nineteen Eighty-Four, engineering is used to watch people and all their actions. While all of society knows they are being watched it non merely lets the accountants keep society under their orders, but makes society scared to disobey: â€Å" the innovation of the telescreenaˆÂ ¦is righty considered of the extreme importance for the care of a constabulary stateaˆÂ ¦The telecasting is hence shown to attach to every individual minute of people ‘s life, developing them to entire passiveness † ( Beaird 1 ) . Without the telescreen watching society, people would be close and have a sense of security finally, taking to rebellion: â€Å" The telescreen received and transmitted at the same time. Any sound Winston made, above the lever of a really low susurration, would be picked up by it ; furthermore, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he would be seen every bit good as heardaˆÂ ¦You had to live-did u nrecorded, form wont that became instinct-in the premise that every sound you made was overheard, and, except in darkness, every minute scrutinised. † ( Orwell 6 ) . Both novels use engineering to take control, and manipulate over society. Brave New World takes control of people from the beggary of their being, while Nineteen Eighty-four utilizations engineering to invariably watch society and penalize the disobeyers, finally doing fright. Nevertheless both novels successfully attempt to accomplish entire human control making a dystopia. In both novels ; Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four, their several societies are populating in a utopia, but for John and Winston they are able to see that it is a dystopia. Even with different methods and engineering used, it is exemplified through the Rebels John and Winston that the defects in the control system will ne'er let complete control. It is proven through them that human nature is possible to pull strings but non destruct. Therefore, this leaves human control and use possible to a certain extent. Despite the Fordian society and Oceania trying to accomplish a utopia utilizing different methods, it is apparent that accomplishing a Utopia is impossible because a perfect universe does non be, and the effort will finally take to an indistinguishable result. Work Cited Huxley, Aldous.A Brave New World. London: Chatto & A ; Windus, 1932. Print. Orwell, George.A Nineteen Eighty-Four. Martin Secker & A ; Warburg Ltd, 1949. Print. Martin, R.A A. â€Å" Abortion and Birth Control in Literature. † Literary Reference Center. Ebscohost. Web. 13 January 2013 Glover, Beaird. â€Å" Nineteen Eighty-four † Literary Reference Center. Ebscohost. Web. 13 January 2013 Neilson, Keith. â€Å" Brave New World † Literary Reference Center. Ebscohost. Web. 13 January 2013. Varricchio, Mario. â€Å" Power of Images/A ImagesA of Power in Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty- Four. † Literary Reference Center. Ebscohost. Web. 13 January 2013.